44英語で説明したい日本5大正デモクラシー
日本語訳載せときます。
大正デモクラシー
大正デモクラシーとは、1910年代から1920年代にかけて民衆が自由や平等を求めた一連の運動のことを言います。
運動の時期のほとんどが大正時代なので、大正デモクラシーと呼ばれています。
民衆たちが大正デモクラシーで求めたことは大きく３つあり、政治の民主化、労働者の立場改善、身分差別の解消です。
その原因として近代化が進み資本主義が貧富の差を拡大したこと、世界各地で労働者が声を上げていたため、日本でも同調しようという風潮が高まったことがあります。また明治憲法下で民主政が吉野作造によって理論づけられたことがあります。
まず第一次護憲運動によって藩閥政治から政党政治に変りました。原内閣は選挙で投票できる納税額を引き下げました。
しかし高額納税者しか投票できないので1920年代からは男子の普通選挙を求める声が高まりました。
1925年に男子普通選挙が実現しましたが、政党が選挙の勝利を至上命題にし、政治の停滞を招いたことが軍国主義のきっかけになりました。
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問題文
(Taisho Democracy)
Taisho Democracy
(Taisho Democracy refers to a series of movements from the 1910s to the 1920s)
Taisho Democracy refers to a series of movements from the 1910s to the 1920s
(in which people demanded freedom and equality.)
in which people demanded freedom and equality.
(It is called the Taisho Democracy because most of the movements took place during the Taisho era.)
It is called the Taisho Democracy because most of the movements took place during the Taisho era.
(There were three major demands made by the people in the Taisho Democracy: democratization of politics,)
There were three major demands made by the people in the Taisho Democracy: democratization of politics,
(improvement of the position of workers, and elimination of status discrimination.)
improvement of the position of workers, and elimination of status discrimination.
(The reason for this is that as modernization progressed)
The reason for this is that as modernization progressed
(and capitalism widened the gap between rich and poor,)
and capitalism widened the gap between rich and poor,
(and workers around the world were raising their voices, there was a growing trend in Japan to follow suit.)
and workers around the world were raising their voices, there was a growing trend in Japan to follow suit.
(Also, under the Meiji Constitution, democracy was theorized by Sakuzo Yoshino.)
Also, under the Meiji Constitution, democracy was theorized by Sakuzo Yoshino.
(First, the first campaign to protect the constitution changed from feudal clique politics to party politics.)
First, the first campaign to protect the constitution changed from feudal clique politics to party politics.
(The Hara Cabinet has reduced the tax amount that can be voted in the election.)
The Hara Cabinet has reduced the tax amount that can be voted in the election.
(However, since only high taxpayers could vote,)
However, since only high taxpayers could vote,
(from the 1920s there was a growing demand for universal male suffrage.)
from the 1920s there was a growing demand for universal male suffrage.
(Universal male suffrage was realized in 1925,)
Universal male suffrage was realized in 1925,
(but political parties made winning the election their top priority,)
but political parties made winning the election their top priority,
(causing political stagnation, which triggered militarism.)
causing political stagnation, which triggered militarism.