英検2級 筆記 本番形式； Part2
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問題文
(English proficiency test Grade2 / Reading part2)
English proficiency test Grade2 / Reading part2
(Amber)
Amber
(Amber's a beautiful, shiny, yellow stone, which has been used to make jewelry since ancient times.)
Amber's a beautiful, shiny, yellow stone, which has been used to make jewelry since ancient times.
(It's made of a substance called resin that comes from trees and has hardened over millions of years.)
It's made of a substance called resin that comes from trees and has hardened over millions of years.
(In the 19th century, people began to study amber closely.)
In the 19th century, people began to study amber closely.
(When they did so, they found amber often contains fossils-the remains of ancient plants and animals.)
When they did so, they found amber often contains fossils-the remains of ancient plants and animals.
(However, unlike normal fossils, )
However, unlike normal fossils,
(which are hard and usually found in rock, amber is able to preserve soft materials, too.)
which are hard and usually found in rock, amber is able to preserve soft materials, too.
(Millions of years ago, leaves insects, and small animals occasionally got trapped in resin.)
Millions of years ago, leaves insects, and small animals occasionally got trapped in resin.
(After the resin got hard, the object inside would be protected as a fossil.)
After the resin got hard, the object inside would be protected as a fossil.
(By examining these objects, )
By examining these objects,
(scientists're able to study the blood and DNA of insects, flogs, and lizards that are now extinct.)
scientists're able to study the blood and DNA of insects, flogs, and lizards that are now extinct.
(Moreover, small details, such as feathers and hair, are preserved in fossils in amber.)
Moreover, small details, such as feathers and hair, are preserved in fossils in amber.
(This means that the colors and shapes of the extinct animals can be observed in the fossils.)
This means that the colors and shapes of the extinct animals can be observed in the fossils.
(In 2015, Lida Xing, a Chinese scientist, found the tail, 99-million-year-old dinosaur in amber. )
In 2015, Lida Xing, a Chinese scientist, found the tail, 99-million-year-old dinosaur in amber.
(Small details, such as the bone structure, were kept in mint condition.)
Small details, such as the bone structure, were kept in mint condition.
(Besides this, Xing noticed that the tail had feathers.)
Besides this, Xing noticed that the tail had feathers.
(This animal had dark brown feathers on top of the tail and lighter one underneath.)
This animal had dark brown feathers on top of the tail and lighter one underneath.
(Based on the shape and size of these, Xing believes that this dinosaur had many feathers.)
Based on the shape and size of these, Xing believes that this dinosaur had many feathers.
(Instead, its feathers were for warmth and decoration.)
Instead, its feathers were for warmth and decoration.
(This is the first time this kind of info. on ancient life has ever been found, )
This is the first time this kind of info. on ancient life has ever been found,
(proving how special amber really is.)
proving how special amber really is.
(Sailing into the Future)
Sailing into the Future
(As global trade has increased, so has the importance of the shipping ind.)
As global trade has increased, so has the importance of the shipping ind.
(Today in fact, 87% of all goods traded internationally are carried by ships.)
Today in fact, 87% of all goods traded internationally are carried by ships.
(Recently, though, the industry has come under pressure to alter the way it operates.)
Recently, though, the industry has come under pressure to alter the way it operates.
(One reason for this is economic.)
One reason for this is economic.
(Over the past few years, shipping companies have found it increasingly difficult to make a profit, )
Over the past few years, shipping companies have found it increasingly difficult to make a profit,
(mainly because of a sudden rise in fuel costs.)
mainly because of a sudden rise in fuel costs.
(Another reason is environmental.)
Another reason is environmental.
(The shipping industry is responsible for a large amount of the whole world's carbon emissions.)
The shipping industry is responsible for a large amount of the whole world's carbon emissions.
(Governments are demanding that shippers cut the emissions so as to lesson global warming.)
Governments are demanding that shippers cut the emissions so as to lesson global warming.
(It isn't surprising, therefore, )
It isn't surprising, therefore,
(that some companies have begun to look again at the sailing ships that carried goods many years ago.)
that some companies have begun to look again at the sailing ships that carried goods many years ago.
(These ships used a form of energy that cost nothing-the wind-and they caused no the emissions.)
These ships used a form of energy that cost nothing-the wind-and they caused no the emissions.
(One such company is B9 Energy, )
One such company is B9 Energy,
(which has designed a ship that uses sails 60% of the time and a biofuel engine when there isn't enough wind.)
which has designed a ship that uses sails 60% of the time and a biofuel engine when there isn't enough wind.
(The ship carries a much bigger cargo than a traditional sailing ship, )
The ship carries a much bigger cargo than a traditional sailing ship,
(and it's cheaper to run than a fossil-fuel ship.)
and it's cheaper to run than a fossil-fuel ship.
(Despite this, some experts question whether sailing ships will replace fossil-fuel ships.)
Despite this, some experts question whether sailing ships will replace fossil-fuel ships.
(This is because the latter can carry many more cargoes.)
This is because the latter can carry many more cargoes.
(B9 Energy's sailing ship can carry 9,000 tons of cargo, but the biggest fossil-fuels ships has 100,000 tons.)
B9 Energy's sailing ship can carry 9,000 tons of cargo, but the biggest fossil-fuels ships has 100,000 tons.
(Thus, even if the cost of fossil fuels rises, )
Thus, even if the cost of fossil fuels rises,
(ships that use such fuels will still remain a cheaper way to transport goods than sailing way.)
ships that use such fuels will still remain a cheaper way to transport goods than sailing way.
(David Surplus, the chairman of B9 Energy, disagrees.)
David Surplus, the chairman of B9 Energy, disagrees.
(He points out that, one day, fossil fuels will deplete.)
He points out that, one day, fossil fuels will deplete.
(He thinks when this happens, his company's ships will be in a strong position to replace the ship used today)
He thinks when this happens, his company's ships will be in a strong position to replace the ship used today